ืชืจื’ืœื• ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

ืชืจื’ืœื• ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืฉื˜ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืขื ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื:

ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืข"ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื”:

  • She wanted to go shopping, _______ it started raining.
  • I enjoy playing tennis, _______ I don't have time today.
  • The book was expensive; _______ I decided to buy it.

ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืจืื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ืžื•: "but", howeverโ€" or โ€œon the other handโ€.

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื:

  • I like pizza, _______ I prefer pasta.
  • She is studying hard; _______ she still struggles with exams.

ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ืชื•ืฆืื” ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ืžื•: becauseโ€œ", "therefore", or "so".

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื:

  • He missed the train _______ he arrived late for the meeting.
  • She loves ice cream, _______ she eats it every day.

ืชืจื’ืœื• ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ืžื•: "as", likeโ€œ", or "similarly" ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื. ืชื ืกื• ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื•:

  • Paris is _______ beautiful as Rio de Janeiro.
  • She sings _______ a professional opera singer.

ื ื”ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ืช ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื.

ืขืฉื• ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืœืกื™ืื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืชืจื’ืœื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื›ื.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืงื‘ืฅ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืกืคืงื• ืœื›ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื”:

ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื, ืคืกืงืื•ืช ืื• ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื. ื”ื ื’ื ื ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ.

ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืขื™ืœื”.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.

ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืชืืžื•ืช ื›ืžื•: "and" ื•- "but", ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ืชื•ืฆืื” ื›ืžื•: "because" ื•- "although", ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื›ืžื•: "both...and" ื•- "eitherโ€ฆor", ื•- ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื›ืžื•: "however" ื•- "nevertheless".

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.

ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืฉืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜, ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชืจ ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.