An epic guide on how to master the Italian alphabet & pronunciation

Vowels and accents

There are five vowels in the Italian alphabet: A, E, I, O, U. Unlike in English, vowels always have the same pronunciation. In general, Italian vowels are longer than English ones, and are always pronounced clearly whether they’re at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a word.

Vowels in Italian are very important. As you probably have noticed, Italian words have many vowels, and they almost always end in a vowel.

Practice by reading the following words:

• Ape (bee): ah-peh
• Elefante (elephant): eh-leh-fahn-teh
• Istituto (institute): ees-tee-too-toh
• Oracolo (oracle): oh-rah-coh-loh
• Uccello (bird):ooch-chel-loh

>Accents in Italian

You might have noticed in written language that vowels can have accent marks on them. In Italian, we can only place an accent on vowels (a, e, i, o, u).

Accent marks don’t really change the pronunciation of the letter; rather, they indicate where the stress of a word falls.

Let’s take the word libertà (freedom): it has an accent on the final “A” so that we know the stress falls on the last syllable instead of the second-to-last syllable, which would be the normal Italian stress pattern

Remember, A, I, O and U can only have grave accents (à, ì, ò, ù), while E can have both a grave (è) or an acute accent (é). In this case, the grave accent (è) makes the E more open, while the acute is only used to indicate the stress as in the other vowels.

Consonants

Italian consonants are pretty straightforward, and most are pronounced as in English. One of the main differences, though, is that in Italian, when doubled a consonant will make a longer sound.

This is an important pronunciation rule, as there are many words that change their meaning if they have one or two consonants!

Have a look at these examples:

Foreign consonants

In this ultra-connected world, it is only normal to use foreign words in everyday speech. Of course, these words often have letters that are not part of the Italian alphabet, but don’t worry. We have a name for them too!

Some Italian alphabet pronunciation rules

Here are some basic pronunciation rules that will help you get your Italian flow just right.

C and G

The consonants C and G can have two pronunciations: one hard and one soft. What does this mean? And how do you know which one is which?

Don’t worry. It’s very simple!

C and G are pronounced like a hard /k/ sound (as in “car”) and /g/ sound (as in “golf”) when they are followed by the vowels A, O, and U, and by consonants (cassa – till, credere – to believe, gatti – cats, grammo – gram).

Otherwise, C and G are pronounced softly: a /ch/ sound for “C” and a /j/ sound for “G” when they are followed by the vowels I and E (ceci – chickpeas, gente – people).

Does this mean that we can never have a hard sound with the vowels I and E? Of course we can! We just need to put an H in between! So, CHI (pronounced as /ki/), CHE (/ke/), GHI (/gui/), GHE (/gue/) have a hard sound.

H - Acca

Our friend “acca” is silent. This means it is never pronounced when it is at the beginning of a word. You can start the pronunciation with the next letter!

• Hotel (hotel): oh-tell
• Hanno (they have): ahn-no

As we just discovered, though, it is very useful in combination with C and G!

S - Esse & Z - Zeta

Just like “C” and “G,” “S” and “Z” are also interesting consonants.

In most words, “S” is pronounced like a hard /s/ sound, as in the English word “song.”

• Semplice (simple) - sehm-plee-cheh
• Sasso (stone) - sahs-soh

However, it’s pronounced like a /z/ sound, as in the English word “zebra,” when placed between two vowels.

• Casa (house/home): cah-zah
• Chiesa (church): kee-eh-zah
• Cosa (thing): coh-zah

Last but not least, “Z” is always pronounced like a /ts/ sound in the middle of words and when doubled, as in pizza (peeh-tsah), or situazione (see-too-ah-tsyo-neh).

However, at the beginning of words, “Z” is pronounced like a /dz/ sound, as in the Italian word zio (uncle).

Italian alphabet songs

Of course, we cannot write an article about the Italian alphabet without linking to some Italian alphabet songs!

Yes, alphabet songs get stuck in your head to the point of no return, and you sometimes wish you had never heard them at all… but the good news is, they do work. (You will be thankful for them when you are trying to spell your name at a hotel reception!)

Canzone dell'Alfabeto ABC | imparare alfabeti | Italian ABC Song | Italian Phonics Song

Here’s a classic one that includes foreign letters. It’s a bit childish, but definitely catchy.

La canzone dell'alfabeto - Canzoncine di Whiskey e i suoi Amici

If you want to hear a word starting with each letter of the alphabet, listen to this (and look up the words if you don’t know their meaning… It’s a great vocab building activity!).

FAQs for the Italian alphabet

How many letters are in the Italian alphabet?

There are 21 letters in the Italian alphabet, 5 vowels (a-e-i-o-u) and 16 consonants (b-c-d-f-g-h-l-m-n-p-q-r-s-t-v-z).

What letters are missing from the Italian alphabet in comparison to English?

The Italian alphabet letters are all the same except j-k-w-x-y. Sometimes, however, you will find foreign words in Italian that have been “adopted” from other languages (like copywriter, make up, okay, etc.) and may contain the letters j-k-w-x-y, although they are not officially part of the Italian alphabet.

What letter in the Italian alphabet is never pronounced?

As we just explained above, the letter H (acca) is never pronounced in Italian. So, even in adopted foreign words, even if we write hotel, we will say /otel/, as if the H wasn’t there at all!Remember though, that the letter H in between C or G and E or I (e.i. che/chi, ghe/ghi)changes the pronunciation of the word!

How do you spell words with the Italian alphabet?

Usually, when we spell words (fare lo spelling) in Italy we say the name of the letter, followed by the preposition DI or COME and the name of an Italian city.

Try reading them out loud to practice your pronunciation!

• Puoi fare lo spelling del tuo nome? (Can you spell your name?)Certo: ‘emme’ di Milano, ‘A’ di Ancona, ‘erre’ di Roma, ‘ti’ di Torino, ‘acca’ di hotel, “A” di Ancona. Martha.

Here they are:

For obvious reasons, foreign consonants do not appear in the names of Italian cities. It is usually enough to just say the name of the letter in that case, as they are not so easily mistaken with others.

Practice makes perfect

We hope this article helped you learn the Italian alphabet, with all the Italian letters and their pronunciation.

And remember, practice makes perfect, so don’t be afraid of showing off your newly-acquired Italian skills with your friends, family, or even at work!